Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41933324›Full record

ReviewJournal of translational medicine2026

Medical software for precision diagnostics of infection with immunoprofiling and artificial intelligence.

Enkelejda Miho, Susanna Marquez, Ulrik Stervbo, Kirsten D Mertz, Jan Kruta, Erik Schkommodau, Meysman Pieter

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Enkelejda MihoSchool of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland. enkelejda.miho@fhnw.ch.ORCID 0000-0001-6461-0519
Susanna MarquezDepartment of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Ulrik StervboCenter for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
Kirsten D MertzInstitute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Jan KrutaSchool of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.
Erik SchkommodauSchool of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.
Meysman PieterAdrem Data Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhat does it take to realize one-click precision diagnostics across infections? Traditional biomedical methods often are limited to detect a single pathogen at a time, thus neglecting the complex dynamics of the immune response and its degrees of individuality, the host-microbe interactions, and the connection to other disease-states that can significantly affect diagnoses. MAIN BODY: Here we review methods employed in the clinical microbiology laboratory, sequencing and machine learning technologies, that enable precision diagnostics of infectious diseases. We provide a roadmap of the regulatory pathways and touch upon engineering requirements necessary for developing and bringing to market a medical software for physicians and citizens. We anticipate that high-throughput sequencing technologies, together with artificial intelligence, unlock the use of complex information of the immune response at the single-molecule level thus enable the precise diagnosis of multiple infections, the predictions of clinical outcomes based on individual immune baselines, microbial colonization, and therapeutic history.

conclusionsThese methods, combined in a medical software, hold the potential to concomitantly diagnose and predict the clinical course of additional immune-related diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. Thus, uncovering the immunity-interface to several diseases can have a direct impact on population immunity, One Health, and pandemic preparedness.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceCommunicable DiseasesInfectionsPrecision MedicineSoftwareHumansArtificial intelligenceAutoimmunityCommunicable diseasesDisease progressionHerdHigh-throughput nucleotideHost microbial interactionsImmunityMachine learningNeoplasmsOne HealthPandemicPreparednessSequencingSoftware

Identifiers

PMID41933324
PMCPMC13101188

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.