Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41932960›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Development of Zn

G Kiruthiga, M Sathish Kumar, T Raguram, Arun Prasad Murali, Chandini Ragumoorthy, Rakesh Kumar, Jayant Giri, Faruq Mohammad, Ahmed A Soleiman, Islom Kadirov

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

G KiruthigaDepartment of Science and Humanities (Physics), FOE, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India.
M Sathish KumarCentre for Smart Energy Systems, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India.
T RaguramLaboratory of Physical Chemistry and Solid-State Electrochemistry (LFES), Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
Arun Prasad MuraliDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
Chandini RagumoorthyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
Rakesh KumarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India. kumar.rakesh@jaipur.manipal.edu.
Jayant GiriDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India.
Faruq MohammadDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed A SoleimanDepartment of Biology and Chemistry, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
Islom KadirovDepartment of Transport Systems, Urgench State University, 220100, Urgench, Uzbekistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zinc-doped tin oxide (ZTO) and magnesium-doped tin oxide (MTO) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films were synthesized using the atomizer spray pyrolysis method and annealed at 450 °C for application as front electrodes in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The precursor molar ratio was varied from 0.1:0.1 to 0.1:0.5 (Zn/Mg:Sn), resulting in film thicknesses ranging from 210 to 513 nm for ZTO and 243 to 688 nm for MTO after annealing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed improved crystallinity with increased crystallite size after annealing. Optical studies revealed high transmittance of ~ 76-80% in the visible region. The optical bandgap decreased after annealing, from 3.85 to 3.67 eV for ZTO and from 3.82 to 3.40 eV for MTO. Hall effect measurements confirmed n-type conductivity with enhanced electrical performance at higher molar concentrations. The optimized MTO film exhibited a maximum carrier concentration of 2.78 × 10

Indexed as

Electrical and J–V studiesMgSnOOpticalPerovskite solar cellsSpray coatingTCOZnSnO

Identifiers

PMID41932960
PMCPMC13194867

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.