Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41932695›Full record

Trial reportBMJ paediatrics open2026

Oxygen therapy for children with an oxygen saturation of 90-93% in Malawi: the NoGoLO

Kristen S Joseph, Tisungane Mvalo, Nicole Shilkofski, Tim Colbourn, Holly Schuh, Marieke M van der Zalm, Stephen Howie, Carina King, Eric D McCollum

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06176664 (Oxygen Therapy for Children With Moderate Hypoxemia in Malawi), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06176664 nacompletednot on this map

Oxygen Therapy for Children With Moderate Hypoxemia in Malawi: Pilot Randomized Control Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled21ConditionsPneumoniaArmsLow flow oxygen, High-flow nasal cannula oxygen
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kristen S JosephDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA kjosep24@jh.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-8746
Tisungane MvaloUniversity of North Carolina Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Nicole ShilkofskiDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-0871
Tim ColbournInstitute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-6552
Holly SchuhDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-4477
Marieke M van der ZalmDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-9139
Stephen HowieDepartment of Pediatrics, Child & Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Carina KingDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6716
Eric D McCollumGlobal Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-5566

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOxygen is a cornerstone treatment for pneumonia with hypoxaemia. WHO guidelines recommend oxygen therapy for children with a peripheral arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO

designPilot, open-label, three-armed randomised control trial (NCT06176664).

settingSalima District Hospital, Malawi. PATIENTS: Children 1-59 months old with WHO-defined pneumonia and an SpO

interventionsStandard care (no oxygen), LFNC or HFNC.

main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was feasibility defined as an average of ≤2 protocol deviations per participant. Secondary outcomes included consent refusal, participant attrition and treatment failure within 14 days. Treatment failure was defined as an SpO

resultsOf the 29 eligible patients, 21 (72%) were enrolled and randomised. There was an average of 0.8 (16/21) deviations per participant. Seven (43.8%) protocol violations were related to study intervention protocols and nine (56.3%) to medication availability and routine care. No participants withdrew from the study. Three of 21 participants (14.3%) had treatment failure. All participants were successfully followed to obtain the 14-day outcome.

conclusionsA three-armed, open-label randomised control trial is feasible to compare standard of care, LFNC and HFNC oxygen for children with pneumonia and an SpO TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06176664.

Indexed as

HypoxiaOxygen Inhalation TherapyOxygen SaturationPneumoniaCannulaChild, PreschoolFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMalawiMaleOxygenPilot ProjectsTreatment OutcomeOxygenChildHypoxiaLow and Middle Income CountriesOxygen Saturation

Identifiers

PMID41932695
PMCPMC13052553

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.