ReviewInternational dental journal2026
To Vape or Not to Vape: Oral Health in the Age of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems.
Review in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
100 million adults and 15 million adolescents currently use e-cigarettes, a type of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) or Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery System (ENNDS). While they were introduced as smoking cessation aids, they are currently marketed as consumer products rather than prescription-based cessation tools. According to the WHO, as of 2025, 88 countries do not have minimum age restrictions, and 74 countries have no regulations. The growing popularity of ENDS and ENNDS has introduced a new and complex set of behaviours and exposures that might impact oral and overall health. E-cigarette aerosols are reported to impact cardiovascular health, heighten airway inflammation and increase risk of upper respiratory infections. In the oral cavity, a high caries risk, greater staining of teeth and restorations, higher incidence of xerostomia, gingival inflammation and a greater prevalence periodontal and peri-implant diseases when compared to non-users. Oral mucosal lesions such are nicotine stomatitis, hairy tongue, and angular cheilitis are more prevalent when compared to former smokers. Thus, evidence is emerging to indicate that ENDS and ENNDS impact both oral and systemic health, albeit in ways different from conventional cigarettes. However, high-certainty evidence also supports e-cigarettes as effective smoking cessation tools, with four additional quitters per 100 individuals. Therefore, it behooves oral health professionals to play a crucial role in counselling and support patients with evidence-based data. More evidence is needed to understand the long-term health impacts of e-cigarettes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.