Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41931519›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Reefense: Living shoreline mosaics can achieve ecological and engineering outcomes with interdisciplinary design.

Rebecca L Morris, Jaden E Akers, Sandra Casas, Justin Geldard, Alex Goad, Marco Ghisalberti, Ximing Guo, Reid Holland, Hongyue Jin, Kelly M Kibler and 25 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Rebecca L MorrisSchool of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0455-0811
Jaden E AkersCoastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS 39532.
Sandra CasasSchool of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.ORCID 0000-0002-4080-9432
Justin GeldardSchool of Earth and Oceans, Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.ORCID 0009-0002-3127-8075
Alex GoadReef Design Lab, Mentone, VIC 3194, Australia.
Marco GhisalbertiSchool of Engineering, Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6690-8922
Ximing GuoDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349.ORCID 0000-0002-6758-2709
Reid HollandRutgers Infrastructure Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
Hongyue JinDepartment of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.ORCID 0000-0002-9531-340X
Kelly M KiblerDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816.ORCID 0000-0003-1883-0873
Danielle KreegerDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349.
Brendan S LanhamSchool of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2209-4899
Jerome F La PeyreSchool of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
Ryan J LoweSchool of Earth and Oceans, Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Cynthia E M LuptonCoastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS 39532.
Hani NassifRutgers Infrastructure Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
William MatherWSP Climate, Resiliency and Sustainability, Tallahassee, FL 32301.
Andrew W M PomeroySchool of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8948-4579
Ella RothermelPartnership for the Delaware Estuary, Wilmington, DE 19801.ORCID 0000-0003-1781-6498
Michael RuszalaRutgers Infrastructure Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.ORCID 0009-0007-8628-7995
Madhuwanthi RupasingheDepartment of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
F Scott RikardAuburn University Shellfish Lab, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Auburn University, Dauphin Island, AL 36528.ORCID 0000-0002-6253-9859
Richard E RimanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.ORCID 0000-0002-4289-5768
Rackel San NicolasDepartment of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
Jenny P ShinnDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349.ORCID 0000-0002-1886-2499
Prashansa ShresthaDepartment of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Eric L SparksCoastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS 39532.
Stephen E SwearerOceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6381-9943
Jyotismita TayeDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816.
Nigel A TempleDepartment of Civil, Coastal, and Environmental Engineering, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688.
Manisha N ThenuwaraDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816.ORCID 0009-0003-8368-2296
Peter B VienDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816.ORCID 0009-0004-4469-0311
Zhenwei WangDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349.
Mason L WilliamsAuburn University Shellfish Lab, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Auburn University, Dauphin Island, AL 36528.
David BushekDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349.ORCID 0000-0002-0701-4267

Funding

Australian Research Council DE210100330Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency HR0011122C0136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Living shorelines that comprise oyster reefs within a mosaic of multiple coastal habitats can be a resilient and adaptive coastal protection alternative to conventional engineered structures. The success of an oyster reef living shoreline depends on the evolution of a stable base substrate that provides initial short-term coastal protection, to the growth of a living oyster reef and associated habitats in the longer-term, which can enhance protection and provide other ecosystem services. Interdisciplinary global teams that include ecologists, biologists, engineers, techno-economists, and industry are leading the development and implementation of innovative reef-based coastal protection ("Reefense") solutions that can be scaled to face the challenges of climate change.

Indexed as

Conservation of Natural ResourcesCoral ReefsEcosystemOstreidaeAnimalsClimate ChangeSeashoredurabilitynature-based solutionsshoreline protectiontechnoeconomics

Identifiers

PMID41931519
PMCPMC13079919

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.