Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41931511›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Satisfaction with democracy predicts democratic behaviors.

Andrés Santos Vargas, Enrique Seira, Alberto Simpser

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andrés Santos Vargas *Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.ORCID 0009-0002-0064-9603
Enrique Seira *Department of Economics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.ORCID 0000-0001-8464-5815
Alberto Simpser *Department of Political Science, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), Mexico City 01080, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-0547-8698

Funding

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR-17EURE-0010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global decline in satisfaction with democracy, as measured in surveys, is sometimes used as evidence of democracy's precarious health. However, existing evidence on the link between democratic attitudes and behaviors is mostly based on self-reported behaviors or country-level comparisons. We study the link between satisfaction with democracy and democratic behaviors at the individual level with original data consisting of 50,000+ surveys of Mexican citizens matched with individual-level administrative information about three democratic behaviors: attendance to poll worker training, staffing a polling station on Election Day, and turning out to vote a year later. We find that survey-measured dissatisfaction with democracy predicts lower democratic engagement on all three behaviors. Our findings suggest that the global decline in survey-measured satisfaction with democracy is indeed cause for concern.

Indexed as

DemocracyPersonal SatisfactionPoliticsVotingHumansMexicodemocratic backslidingpolling station staffingpoll worker trainingsatisfaction with democracyvoting

Identifiers

PMID41931511
PMCPMC13056088

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.