Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41931461›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical psychology2026

Are Online Social Experiences Associated With General Interpersonal Problems? A Circumplex Assessment.

Timothy W Smith, Giovanni Marquez, Dakota A Dolister, Bert N Uchino, Kevin D Jordan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Timothy W SmithDepartment of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4017-3243
Giovanni MarquezDepartment of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Dakota A DolisterDepartment of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Bert N UchinoDepartment of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Kevin D JordanDepartment of Psychology, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSocial media use can promote social connection but also often includes negative experiences, raising questions about its associations with broader interpersonal functioning.

methodsThis preregistered study used the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) to examine associations of self-reported online social support and negativity, and excessive social media use with self-reports of general interpersonal problems, compared to associations for offline support and social anxiety, in a representative sample of U.S. adult social media users (n = 1356; mean age = 44.9; 52% women; 61.9% non-Hispanic White; median income $50k-75k).

resultsOnline negativity and excessive social media use were strongly associated with more severe general interpersonal problems; online support had a small positive association with greater problems. These associations were stronger for men than women, and weaker for older participants. In contrast to online support, off-line social support was inversely associated with interpersonal problems, and the positive association for social anxiety was similar in magnitude to those for online negativity and excessive social media use.

conclusionsFindings suggest that online social experiences and excessive social media use are associated with broader interpersonal difficulties, and that the interpersonal perspective may be useful in understanding psychosocial issues emerging in the digital age.

Indexed as

Interpersonal RelationsSocial InteractionSocial MediaSocial SupportAdultDigital MediaFemaleHumansMaleMedia ExposureMiddle Agedinterpersonal circumplexinterpersonal problemson‐line experiencesocial media addictionsocial media use

Identifiers

PMID41931461
PMCPMC13341040

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.