ReviewDrugs2026
Pharmacological, Natural and Emerging Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.
Review in Drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of non-aqueous deficient dry eye disease. Meibomian glands are responsible for the production of meibum, a lipid-rich secretion that coats the surface of the tear film, inhibiting evaporation of the underlying aqueous tear fluid. MGD can arise due to numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors that drive changes in meibum quality or obstruction of gland orifices and can result in tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, epithelial damage and downstream ocular surface inflammation. Despite the high disease prevalence, management is not standardised, with a wide range of pharmacological and naturally derived therapies available. Potential pharmacological agents include anti-inflammatories (antibiotics, immunosuppressants and topical integrin antagonists), perfluorohexyloctane and topical aqueous secretagogues. Natural therapies that may offer suitable long-term solutions include oral dietary supplements (polyunsaturated fatty acids, astaxanthin, bilberry, Chinese herbal formulations and Korean red ginseng) and naturally derived topical formulations (castor oil, manuka honey, tea tree oil, coenzyme Q10 and green tea extract). The rising prevalence of MGD has led to the development of several novel therapeutic strategies, expanding the range of management options available to clinicians. A thorough examination should precede the initiation of treatment to identify underlying pathophysiology and guide targeted interventions. Treatment efficacy, duration and safety profiles must also be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.