ArticleNeurophotonics2026
Monte Carlo simulations of time-resolved blood flow index: times-of-flight beyond ∼1 ns are necessary for brain-dominated measurements.
Article in Neurophotonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Significance: Achieving adequate brain sensitivity remains a significant obstacle to noninvasive optical measurements of pulsatile cerebral blood flow. Increasing source-detector separation (SDS), utilizing time-of-flight (ToF) information, and/or increasing acquisition frequency can increase brain sensitivity. However, optimizing these parameters is nontrivial and must balance the need to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Aim: We aim to guide hardware optimization by evaluating the benefits of ToF gating, autocorrelation time-lag gating, and increased source-detector separation in recovering pulsatile cerebral blood flow. Approach: Monte Carlo simulations of ToF-resolved pulsatile blood flow index at 1064 nm were performed. A simulation and analysis pipeline is presented and validated against phantom and Results: Brain sensitivity deteriorates for autocorrelation time-lags >1 to Conclusions: We quantitatively compare source-detector separation, ToF gating, and acquisition frequency and identify crucial performance requirements for clinically viable optical monitors of cerebral blood flow.
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