Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41930171›Full record

ReviewOncology research2026

Efficacy and Mechanisms of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Advancing Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.

Mohsina Patwekar, Faheem Patwekar, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain, Arifullah Mohammed, Rohit Sharma

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Oncology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mohsina PatwekarDepartment of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Faheem PatwekarDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Luqman College of Pharmacy, PB 86, Old Jewargi Road, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
Zulhisyam Abdul KariDepartment of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd ZainDepartment of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Arifullah MohammedDepartment of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah University (KLEF), Vaddeswaram Campus, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Rohit SharmaDepartment of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally; therefore, further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive, Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2 (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6, which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle. Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis. When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and fulvestrant, clinical trials lead positive impact in progression-free survival and, in a few cases, complete survival. However, despite their effectiveness, resistance mechanisms are primary and current acquired problems, requiring combined approaches with additional targeted medicines and continuous investigation into innovative therapeutic plans. To maintain patient compliance and quality of life, common side effects such as tiredness, gastrointestinal problems, and neutropenia need to be effectively managed. There is hopefulness for wider oncological applications as next-generation CDK inhibitor development and adaptive clinical trials continue to test their potential beyond breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors continue to be a key part of breast cancer treatment as cancer biology advances, marking a major advancement towards more potent and customized cancer medicines. This review aims to provide current evidence on CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- breast cancer, highlighting their mechanisms, interaction with endocrine resistance, combination strategies, and emerging biomarkers guiding personalized therapy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsBreast NeoplasmsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6Protein Kinase InhibitorsAnimalsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyAntineoplastic AgentsCDK4 protein, humanCDK6 protein, humanCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6Protein Kinase Inhibitorsbreast cancercombination treatmentsCyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitorsendocrine therapyresistance mechanismstargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID41930171
PMCPMC13040309

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.