ArticleTherapeutic advances in infectious disease
Haematological responses in children under 5 years with malaria and soil-transmitted helminth coinfections in Delta State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.
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Abstract
Background: Malaria and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections often co-occur in Nigerian children under 5 years of age, affecting haematological functions. However, local data on their combined effect are limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and impact of malaria, STH and malaria-STH co-infection on haematological parameters in children under five in the Delta South Senatorial District in Nigeria. Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 269 children under 5 years of age attending selected health centres were recruited across the Delta South Senatorial District. Malaria was diagnosed by microscopy, STH by stool analysis and haematological parameters were measured using automated techniques. Associations between infection status, demographics, clinical characteristics and haematological indices were examined with descriptive statistics, Results: Co-infection was most common in toddlers aged 1-2 years (40.9%) and was more frequent in males. Normal haemoglobin genotype (Hb AA) predominated (57.3%), followed by sickle cell trait (Hb AS) (36.3%) and sickle cell disease (Hb SS) (6.3%). Children with Hb SS had lower haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, but higher white blood cell levels ( Conclusion: Malaria and STH infections remain a major cause of haematological abnormalities in children under five. Early red cell alterations, especially macrocytosis and hypochromia, preceded obvious anaemia and were more strongly influenced by host factors than by parasite density, underscoring the need for integrated control and careful haematological assessment in endemic settings.
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