Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41928788›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Delivering cytokine mRNA to secondary lymphoid organs for robust cancer immunotherapy.

Tom Anbergen, Yuri van Elsas, Stijn R J Hofstraat, Merel M A Hendrikx, Jeroen Deckers, Iris Versteeg, Gijs W B Ros, Myrthe H A P Kapteijns, Branca M Bartelet, Robby Zwolsman and 34 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Tom AnbergenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Yuri van ElsasDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Stijn R J HofstraatLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Merel M A HendrikxBiotrip B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0000-3553-5927
Jeroen DeckersDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Iris VersteegDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Gijs W B RosDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Myrthe H A P KapteijnsLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Branca M BarteletDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Robby ZwolsmanLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Mirre M TrinesLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Daniek HoornLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Scott BexDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Pepijn van HoutenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8503-4140
Athanasios ZiogasDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Cristina Grao-RoldánDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0000-4174-8531
Giulia M DavighiBioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
William WangBioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Georgios SoultanidisBioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Ali Salehi FaridDepartment of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Yoon Ho LeeDepartment of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Noortje VoetenLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0771-966X
Jurgen M J PiekDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0487-0631
Gerben M FranssenDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Sandra HeskampDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Henk M JanssenSyMO-Chem B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
P Michel FransenSyMO-Chem B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Mireille D Langouo-FontsaMolecular Immunology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Andrea Carlo Maria GaravelloCancer Ecosystems and Metastasis laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium.
Panagiotis KarrasCancer Ecosystems and Metastasis laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-7642-0875
Romana T Netea-MaierDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Carlos Pérez-MedinaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
Zahi A FayadBioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3439-7347
Mandy M T van LeentBioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9747-1022
Abraham J P TeunissenBioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Mohammad RashidianDepartment of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3708-0038
Ewelina KluzaLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Yohana C TonerDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5309-6366
Bram PriemDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Joost H C M KreijtzBiotrip B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Thijs J BeldmanDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Mihai G NeteaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2421-6052
Roy van der MeelLaboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2200-7946
Willem J M MulderDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Funding

Translational imaging and nanomedicine in inflammatory atherosclerosisP01HL131478 · NHLBI · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Zahi A. Fayad · 2017 to 2026
$24.3M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL131478
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombinant cytokine therapeutics, among the earliest clinical immunotherapies, have yet to reach their full potential despite bioengineering advances. Here, we propose a novel approach focusing on in vivo cytokine production by immune cells in lymphoid organs to mimic these proteins' physiological function. We developed apolipoprotein nanoparticles (aNPs) to deliver mRNA encoding cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), to monocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. To this end, we engineered a scalable manufacturing process that yields stable aNP-mRNA formulations suitable for long-term storage. Intravenous aNP-mRNA

Identifiers

PMID41928788
PMCPMC13042184

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.