ArticleResearch square2026
Influenza B virus suppression of Chromosome Y-linked genes increases pulmonary virus replication and disease severity in male mice.
Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBV) are transmitted among humans, with disease being worse in men than women. C57BL/6 male and female mice were inoculated with Victoria lineage B/Brisbane/60/2008 containing a PB2 F406Y mutation. Juvenile, adult, and aged males exhibited greater virus titers, morbidity, and pulmonary inflammation than age-matched females. Oseltamivir treatment reduced virus titers in males thereby reducing morbidity and pulmonary cytokine responses to female-equivalent levels. Infection of transgenic and mutant mice that allowed for separation of sex chromosome dosage from gonadal sex effects revealed that the presence of a Y chromosome (ChrY) was the major contributing factor for male-biased susceptibility to IBV. IBV infection suppressed pulmonary Uty and Ddx3y expression in ChrY-bearing mice, which was reversed by oseltamivir treatment, suggesting that virus replication inhibits protective ChrY gene expression, causing male-biased IBV pathogenesis.
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