ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2026
Association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Letter to the editor: Association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Letter to the Editor in response to "Association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A cross-sectional study".Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 486 adult T2DM patients between January 2022 and January 2024 were enrolled. General clinical data and laboratory parameters [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4)] were collected. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA <26 defined impairment). Patients were categorized into euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid groups based on TSH and FT4 levels. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze independent associations, followed by dose-response and subgroup analyses.
resultsThe hypothyroid group had significantly lower MoCA scores and a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment compared to other groups (all P < 0.001). Hypothyroidism was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment (P = 0.002), whereas hyperthyroidism showed no significant association. Other independent risk factors included age, BMI, diabetes duration, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (P < 0.05). A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed between increasing TSH levels and higher risk of cognitive impairment (P < 0.05), while FT4 showed a non-significant decreasing trend (P = 0.08). The association of hypothyroidism with cognitive impairment was consistent across all subgroups (all P > 0.05).
conclusionHypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in T2DM patients, with a progressive risk increase associated with higher TSH levels. These findings underscore the importance of integrating thyroid function evaluation into the cognitive assessment and management strategy for this patient population.
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