SynthesisJournal of global health2026
Exposure-response association between outdoor activity time and myopia risk in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The prevalence of myopia among Chinese children and adolescents has increased sharply over recent decades, raising concern about modifiable environmental risk factors. Although outdoor activity is widely recognised as protective, the quantitative exposure-response relationship within the Chinese educational context remains incompletely defined. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies examining the association between daily outdoor activity time and myopia risk among Chinese youth were identified from major English and Chinese databases (Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang) through October 2025. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool odds ratios (ORs). Prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses examined exposure thresholds, study design, and geographic latitude. Results: We included 31 studies comprising 380 215 participants. Greater outdoor activity was consistently associated with lower myopia risk (pooled OR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71-0.80), although substantial heterogeneity was observed (I Conclusions: Greater outdoor activity time is associated with lower myopia risk among Chinese children and adolescents. An approximate daily exposure of around two hours appears to represent a pragmatic benchmark under current educational conditions.
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