Observational studyBMC psychiatry2026
Psychiatric symptoms as clinical warning signals of adult anti-LGI-1 encephalitis: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAnti-LGI-1 (Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1) encephalitis is one of the most common types of autoimmune encephalitis, and psychiatric symptoms are among its important clinical manifestations. Relevant clinical studies are still in the minority. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and disease outcomes of adult anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients with psychiatric symptoms.
methodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 68 patients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis from January 2016 to August 2024, grouped by the presence of psychiatric symptoms. Comparisons included clinical features, laboratory findings, MRI features, treatment, and prognosis.
resultsThis study included 50 patients completing the 12-month follow-up. 64% of the patients developed psychiatric symptoms during the disease, with personality changes, hallucinations, and mood disorder being the most common manifestations. Patients with psychiatric symptoms had a higher rate of cerebrospinal fluid antibodies (p < 0.001), more severe blood-brain barrier damage indicated (p = 0.009), greater likelihood of cognitive decline (p = 0.016), electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia (p = 0.02), worse mRS and CASE scores at onset (p < 0.001), higher rates of delayed immunotherapy initiation (p = 0.003) and second-line therapy (p = 0.042), as well as poorer prognosis after one year with more relapses (p = 0.016).
conclusionPatients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis show a variety of psychiatric symptoms, often portending a more severe disease phenotype. This suggests that psychiatric symptoms may indicate the disease’s severity and prognosis early on. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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