ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026
Demographic profiles and disparities in all liver diseases and diabetes mellitus patients - related mortality among older adults (≥ 65) in the United States, 1999 to 2020.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes Mellitus (DM) and liver disease, particularly All Liver Diseases (All-LD), are increasingly interlinked public health concerns in the United States. When coexisting, these conditions contribute synergistically to increased morbidity and mortality, especially among older adults. This study examines mortality trends associated with All-LD and DM from 1999 to 2020, focusing on disparities across sex, race, region, and urban-rural classification.
methodsUsing the CDC-WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database, we identified deaths among U.S. older adults (aged ≥ 65) with death certificates listing both DM and All-LD as either underlying or contributing causes of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 were calculated, stratified by demographic and geographic variables.
resultsFrom 1999 to 2020, there were 95,870 deaths related to All-LD and DM, with an overall AAMR of 10.2. The AAMR remained stable from 1999 to 2014 (APC: 0.08%), then rose markedly from 2014 to 2018 (APC: 5.47%) and surged from 2018 to 2020 (APC: 12.42%, p < 0.001). Mortality was higher in males (AAMR: 12.4) than females (8.5), and greatest among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic populations. Geographically, the West and South had the highest AAMRs.
conclusionThe mortality burden of coexisting liver disease and diabetes has intensified over the past two decades, particularly in racial minorities, rural areas, and specific states. The sharp increase from 2018 to 2020 represents a period encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic, although the upward trend began prior to its onset, suggesting contributions from additional factors such as rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and increasing alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the need for targeted, equitable public health interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.