ArticleBMC oral health2026
Pre-cure contact time and dentin surface roughness in modulating bonding and impregnation of self-adhesive composites to dentin.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSelf-adhesive flowable resin composites (SAFRCs) offer simplified, single-step placement and are intended to reduce technique sensitivity, but their bonding remains largely inconsistent. Therefore, this study investigated whether pre-cure contact time and dentin surface finish affect immediate bond strength and interfacial morphology of two commercial SAFRCs. MATERIALS AND
methodsSound human molars were allocated to 12 groups: two SAFRCs (Vertise™ Flow; Constic) × two finishes (fine vs. coarse diamond) × three pre-cure contact times (immediate/0 min, 1 min, 5 min). For positive controls a universal adhesive/conventional composite were applied. Three 2 × 2-mm cylinders/group were bonded to mid-coronal dentin discs and were light-cured (20 s; 950 mW/cm²) and tested in shear bond strength setup (SBS; 24 h at 1 mm/min). One fractured disc/group was examined by SEM and ~ 1-mm interface slices underwent Masson’s trichrome and were imaged at 100× with calibrated scaling. The 12 SAFRC groups were analyzed by three-way ANOVA with Tukey’s (α = 0.05); comparisons with the matched controls were performed separately using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test.
resultsMaterial (p = 0.02) and application time (p < 0.0001) significantly affected SBS; surface finish did not (p = 0.97). Five-minute pre-cure contact yielded the highest SBS for both SAFRCs and, in several groups, values not significantly different from the matched controls. SEM showed an application time-dependent improvement of the interface quality: with 0 min application showing no continuous interfacial resin/tubule tags; from 1 to 5 min, progressively continuous resin fronts with tags, most evident at 5 min, irrespective of finish. Masson’s trichrome revealed a more conspicuous dark-pink collagen band at the interface of immediate cure samples and attenuated/discontinuous after 1–5 min. Surface finish mainly altered interfacial contour without qualitative improvement.
conclusionProlonged pre-cure contact enhances SAFRC bonding; the tested roughness range was not determinative. Trichrome staining corroborates shallow demineralization with partially exposed collagen, indicating limited monomer infiltration and explaining the material-dependent, low bond efficacy of current SAFRCs.
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