ReviewAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Psycho Dermatological Dimensions of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic Criteria, Treatment Options, and Clinical Outcomes in Dermatological and Cosmetic Surgery Settings.
Review in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by excessive preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws that are minimal or unobservable to others. Individuals with BDD frequently present to dermatology and aesthetic surgery settings seeking cosmetic interventions, placing clinicians at risk of suboptimal outcomes, ethical dilemmas, and medicolegal complications.
methodsThis narrative review synthesizes evidence from psychiatry, dermatology, and aesthetic surgery literature to examine the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, screening, and management of BDD in dermatologic and cosmetic practice. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA principles.
resultsBDD is substantially more prevalent among individuals seeking dermatologic and aesthetic procedures than in the general population. Cosmetic and surgical interventions rarely improve core BDD symptoms and are associated with persistent dissatisfaction, symptom exacerbation, and increased legal risk. Validated screening tools, structured preprocedural assessment, and early psychiatric referral are critical to safe and ethical practice. Recent regulatory frameworks increasingly mandate psychological screening prior to cosmetic intervention.
conclusionEffective management of BDD in dermatologic and aesthetic settings requires early identification, standardized screening, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Cosmetic procedures should be avoided when BDD is suspected, with referral to mental health professionals prioritized. Integrating psychiatric screening into routine aesthetic practice improves patient safety, clinical outcomes, and medicolegal protection. No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
41928000What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.