Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal(loid) contamination and health risks in agricultural soils near the Menzel Bourguiba steel smelter, Tunisia.

Abdelwaheb Aydi, Sinda Sifi, Sabrine Zaghdoudi, Viktoria Mikita, Péter Szűcs, Mohamed Hamdy Eid

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Abdelwaheb AydiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.

Sinda SifiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.

Sabrine ZaghdoudiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.

Viktoria MikitaFaculty of Earth Science, Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, Miskolc- Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary. viktoria.mikita@uni-miskolc.hu.

Péter SzűcsFaculty of Earth Science, Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, Miskolc- Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary.

Mohamed Hamdy EidFaculty of Earth Science, Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, Miskolc- Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary. Mohamed.hemida@uni-miskolc.hu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-1826

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study assessed heavy metal(loid) pollution (As, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni) and the associated health risks in agricultural soils near the Menzel Bourguiba steel smelter in northeastern Tunisia. The extent of contamination was quantified using multiple pollution indices, including the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor. Health risks were evaluated using both deterministic and probabilistic approaches, incorporating Monte Carlo simulation to characterize uncertainty and Sobol sensitivity analysis to identify key influencing parameters. Mean heavy metal(loid) concentrations (mg kg

Indexed as

Metals, HeavySoilSoil PollutantsAgricultureEnvironmental MonitoringHumansMetallurgyMonte Carlo MethodRisk AssessmentSteelTunisiaMetals, HeavySoilSoil PollutantsSteelEnvironmental healthHealth risk assessmentHeavy metalsMonte Carlo simulationSensitivity analysisSoil contaminationSteel smelter

Identifiers

PMID41927702

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-45034-x

PMCPMC13194968

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.