Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41927684›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

An auto-validation method for a complete IoT pivot irrigation model based on the Penman-Monteith equation.

Abdelrahman Osman Elfaki, Saleh Ali Albelwi, Abderrahim Lakhouit, Osama Moh'd Alia, Mohamed Elsawy, Anas Bushnag, Raghad Mahmoud Alqobali, Mohammed Alotaibi, Ashraf Marei, Tareq Alhmiedat

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Abdelrahman Osman ElfakiDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. a.elfaki@ut.edu.sa.
Saleh Ali AlbelwiDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Abderrahim LakhouitDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Geotechnical and Foundations Engineering at University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Osama Moh'd AliaDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed ElsawyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Geotechnical and Foundations Engineering at University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Anas BushnagDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Raghad Mahmoud AlqobaliNational Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlotaibiDepartment of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Ashraf MareiDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Tareq AlhmiedatDepartment of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Tabuk for funding this work through Research no. 0113-1444-S 0113-1444-S
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pivot irrigation has been introduced as an engineering solution to cultivate large areas of farmland without increasing water usage. Although research studies have proposed different types of pivot irrigation systems, several challenges must be addressed to create a successful system. These challenges include determining crop water requirements, IoT components and architecture, and compatibility, as well as data interpretation, environmental factors, scalability, and result validation. This paper provides an auto-validation method for a complete IoT pivot irrigation model based on the Penman-Monteith equation. Auto-validation is crucial to protecting the pivot system from sensor errors caused by telecom network interference or natural factors. Furthermore, the proposed model effectively addresses all the aforementioned challenges, making it the first comprehensive IoT solution. This paper also develops a benchmark framework for evaluating pivot irrigation systems, providing a standardized basis for performance assessment in future research. As an initial experimental study, the evaluation was conducted using a single crop type (grass) at one field site over a period of 49 days, representing a proof-of-concept validation. Real-world experiments were performed to assess the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model. The results demonstrate significant improvements over traditional irrigation methods, highlighting the system's effectiveness in optimizing water usage and enhancing agricultural productivity.

Indexed as

Crop water requirementsIoTIrrigation system scalabilityPenman–Monteith equationPivot irrigation

Identifiers

PMID41927684
PMCPMC13187126

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.