Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41927538›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

D-π-A sensitized carbon dots as long-lived type-I/Ⅱ photosensitizers for NIR-excited hypoxia-regulated photodynamic therapy.

Zhenlin Zhang, Lang Yan, Weiwei Li, Jinyan Hu, Yang Wang, Hongjing Dou, Dengyu Pan, Longxiang Shen, Sheng Shi, Bijiang Geng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Design of a Wobble-Scheme Heterojunction for Catalytic Cancer Therapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhenlin Zhang *School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Lang Yan *Department of Health Toxicology, College of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Weiwei Li *School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Jinyan HuSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Yang WangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hongjing DouState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-9174
Dengyu PanSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. dypan617@shu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-0537
Longxiang ShenDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 7250012700@shsmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-531X
Sheng ShiDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. shisheng273@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-0556
Bijiang GengSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. bjgeng1992@shu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-2577

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 12375345National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22278262Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission) 25ZR1402150
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the development of clinically translatable triplet photosensitizers for hypoxia regulated photodynamic therapy (PDT), there is an unmet need for engineering sensitizers as near-infrared (NIR)-responsive, type I/type Ⅱ dual photosensitizers and mild photothermal agents. Herein, we develop a binary precursor-engineering strategy for precise regulation of the D-π-A configuration of carbon dots (CDs) as ultralong-lived triplet, type I/Ⅱ dual photosensitizers by utilizing phenolic hydroxyl as an electron-rich donor and pyridine N as an electron-withdrawing acceptor. The photodynamic performance of CDs is enhanced by intramolecular charge transfer and mild photothermal conversion. We further design M1-like macrophage-derived cell membrane‑camouflaged CDs to realize preferential tumor accumulation while guaranteeing rapid systemic clearance. D-π-A sensitized CD-mediated PDT induces anti-tumor activity against primary and distant tumors. Our work highlights the crucial roles of D-π-A sensitization of CDs in boosting PDT by triplet state tuning, surface charge transfer, and mild photothermal relief of hypoxia.

Indexed as

Carbon Quantum DotsPhotochemotherapyPhotosensitizing AgentsAnimalsCarbonCell Line, TumorHumansInfrared RaysMacrophagesMiceCarbonPhotosensitizing Agents

Identifiers

PMID41927538
PMCPMC13216253

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.