SynthesisThe Laryngoscope2026
Smile Asymmetry and Eyelid Closure Following Temporalis Muscle Transfer for Facial Reanimation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate temporalis muscle transfer (TMT) in restoring smile and eyelid outcomes in patients with facial nerve paralysis (FNP), emphasizing surgical techniques and clinician-graded outcomes. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 19, 2025. REVIEW
methodsTwo independent reviewers completed screening and data extraction. Planned primary outcomes included reduction in smile asymmetry, improvement in oral commissure displacement, and reduction in lagophthalmos, assessed using objective measurements or clinician-graded outcome scales. Secondary outcomes were surgical techniques and complications. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review protocol was not registered on PROSPERO.
resultsFifty-three studies (n = 1354) were included. Temporalis muscle transfer significantly reduced smile asymmetry (mean difference [MD]: 9.61 mm; 95% CI 7.16-12.06), improved oral commissure displacement (MD: 7.30 mm; 95% CI 5.92-8.68), and reduced lagophthalmos (MD: 5.62 mm; 95% CI 4.71-6.53). Orthodromic temporalis transfer with multi-point fixation was the most common surgical technique in 31 studies, with the emergence of minimally invasive, intra-oral approaches in recent literature. A balanced smile was achieved in 71% of cases and complete eyelid closure in 56%. Complications (n = 161) included infections, hematomas, flap issues, and aesthetic deformities.
conclusionsTMT can provide dual eyelid and smile improvement in a single-stage procedure. As the surgical landscape continues to evolve, future research should standardize clinician graded outcome measures and assess long-term results to improve patient-centered care.
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