Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41926538›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Structures of folding intermediates on BAM show diverse substrates fold by a conserved mechanism.

Benjamin D Thomson, Melissa D Marquez, Shaun Rawson, Thiago M A Dos Santos, Stephen C Harrison, Daniel Kahne

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Benjamin D ThomsonDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0003-1603-9607
Melissa D MarquezDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-9867-1130
Shaun RawsonDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0002-2973-2630
Thiago M A Dos SantosDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-0648-6078
Stephen C HarrisonDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0001-7215-9393
Daniel KahneDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-8296-1424

Funding

Project 3: Defining and defeating the mechanisms of outer membrane biogenesis in Gram-negative bacteriaU19AI158028 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WALKER, SUZANNE · 2022 to 2025
$10.1M
Outer Membrane Biogenesis: New Antibiotic TargetsR01AI081059 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel Kahne · 2009 to 2026
$9.5M
HHMI (HHMI) Hanna H. Gray Postdoctoral FellowshipHHS | NIH (NIH) R01AI081059HHS | NIH (NIH) U19AI158028NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI081059NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI158028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The outer membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Gram-negative bacteria contain β-barrel membrane proteins that are assembled by conserved multisubunit machines. In bacteria, the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) folds over a hundred compositionally different substrates into barrels that vary greatly in size. Some larger barrels require globular proteins to plug the barrel lumen. How a single machine can assemble such different barrels is unknown. Here we report three structures representing progressively folded stages of a 16-stranded barrel engaged with BAM, as well as the structure of a late-stage folding intermediate of a 26-stranded substrate folding around its soluble lipoprotein plug on BAM. We find that BAM catalyzes folding of these substrates by a uniform mechanism in which BAM undergoes major distortions to accommodate the nascent barrel.

Indexed as

Bacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsEscherichia coli ProteinsProtein FoldingCryoelectron MicroscopyEscherichia coliModels, MolecularBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsEscherichia coli Proteinsbeta-barrel assembly machinecryo-electron microscopyfolding intermediatesprotein folding

Identifiers

PMID41926538
PMCPMC13048289

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.