Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41926536›Full record

ArticleFetal diagnosis and therapy2026

Prospective Clinical Testing of a "Beat-To-Beat" Extraction Method for Fetal Electrocardiography.

Anita Krishnan, Pooneh Roshanitabrizi, Anqing Zhang, Emily Boland, Jordyn Britton, Trong Nguyen, Van Khanh Lam, Stephanie Lacey, Raj Shekhar, Homa K Ahmadzia and 3 more

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Article in Fetal diagnosis and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Anita KrishnanDepartment of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, akrishna@childrensnational.org.
Pooneh RoshanitabriziSheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Anqing ZhangDivision of Biostatics and Study Methodology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Emily BolandGeorge Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Jordyn BrittonHoward College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Trong NguyenAusculTech Dx, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Van Khanh LamSheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Stephanie LaceyDepartment of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Raj ShekharSheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Homa K AhmadziaInova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Ahmet A BaschatJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mary T DonofrioDepartment of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Rathinaswamy GovindanGeorge Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Funding

Development of a Beat to Beat Fetal ElectrocardiogramR21HD097598 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI KRISHNAN, ANITA · 2020 to 2021
$491k
NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD097598
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThere is a critical clinical need for fetal electrocardiography (fECG), but no methods have successfully translated to the ambulatory setting. We developed a novel fECG system combining custom hardware and null coherence-based signal processing, then evaluated its feasibility for fECG extraction in normal and at-risk pregnancies.

methodsWe applied the fECG system to 43 patients (25 normal fetuses, 18 abnormal). FECG studies were 15 min long and utilized 12-24 electrodes and 1 ground. Signal processing was done during collection with additional post-processing. Two clinician raters blinded to gestational age, indication, and each other's assessments, graded the quality of studies using a 5-point scale. The raters measured the PR, QRS, and/or QTc intervals twice where possible.

resultsIn 43 subjects, 30 had time-resolved fECG separation (70%) and the median grading (based on two raters across two sessions) was 3 or greater in 26/43 fetuses (60%) with graded studies. Sixty three percent of cases (27/43) had a measurable fetal cardiac time interval. Signal quality was reduced in participants with BMI ≥30 and during the vernix period (25-32 weeks' gestation).

conclusionOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of fECG across gestation, enabling beat-to-beat signal extraction and CTI measurement with a 63% success rate.

Indexed as

Cardiac time intervalElectrocardiographyFetal arrhythmiaSignal processing

Identifiers

PMID41926536
PMCPMC13094077

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.