ArticlePloS one2026
Bullying among students ecological insights from a school based adolescent health survey, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveBullying among adolescents is a growing public health concern with serious mental, emotional, and social well-being consequences. This study aims to assess prevalence of physical and cyberbullying among school-going adolescents (13-17 years) in Himachal Pradesh, India, and identify risky and protective factors using an ecological framework descriptively.
methodsA cross-sectional, school-based survey was conducted across Himachal Pradesh using culturally adapted standardised questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with bullying perpetration and victimization.
resultsOut of 7563 adolescents surveyed, 18.41% reported involvement in physical or cyber bullying, with 13.96% involved in physical bullying and 9.64% in cyberbullying. Additionally, 15.60% adolescents reported being victims, including 11.40% experiencing physical and 7.88% cyberbullying. Associated Perpetration factors: • Behavioral factors: Increased risk was associated with junk food consumption, skipping breakfast, substance use, sexual activity, excessive screen time (>8 hours/day), and involvement in physical fights. • Emotional factors: Feelings of hopelessness and nervousness were associated with increased odds of both physical and cyberbullying. • Family-related factors: Adolescents with unskilled parents had higher odds of bullying others, while strong parental connectedness showed significant positive association. Victimization • Demographic and behavioral factors: Boys and adolescents from urban areas were more likely to be victims. Additional associated factors included unhealthy eating habits, substance use and sexual activity. • Emotional factors: Feelings of disappointment and distress were associated with increased victimization • Family-related factors: Parental connectedness was protective against both forms of bullying.
conclusionFindings highlight significant prevalence of both physical and cyberbullying among adolescents in Himachal Pradesh, with distinct behavioral, emotional, and family-related risk factors. Parental connectedness proved protective, underscoring the need for integrated, multi-level interventions to foster healthier behaviors, emotional well-being, and safer schools. Ayushman Bharat School Health and Wellness Programme can be strengthened by tailoring its module based on the identified risk and protective factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.