ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2026
An Engineered Nano-Vesicle Adjuvant Platform (ENAP) for Cytokine Delivery Enables a Novel Antigen-Coordinated Vaccine Against Helicobacter pylori.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Engineered Nano-Vesicle Adjuvant Platform (ENAP) for Cytokine Delivery Enables a Novel Antigen-Coordinated Vaccine Against Helicobacter pylori.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the considerable potential of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) vaccines, their clinical efficacy has been hampered by inadequate mucosal immunity and suboptimal Th1/Th17 polarization. To address this, we engineered a novel nano-adjuvant system using LPS-modified recombinant outer membrane vesicles (rOMVs) derived from H. pylori to function as a programmable cytokine presentation platform. This engineered nano-vesicle adjuvant platform (ENAP) confers unique synergistic advantages, including efficient delivery of key immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-17A and IFN-γ, and potent activation of antigen-specific T-cell immunity. Following immunization, the platform significantly enhanced antigen-specific mucosal IgA and systemic IgG2c/IgG1 antibody responses. It further induced a pronounced Th1/Th17-skewed cellular immune response, resulting in a substantial reduction in bacterial colonization in a protective challenge model. Collectively, our study proposes a versatile and customizable nanotechnology strategy for reprogramming local and systemic immunity through targeted cytokine delivery, offering a promising avenue for the development of next-generation mucosal vaccine adjuvants against H. pylori and other pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.