ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026
Green Synthesis, Stability, and Fungicidal Mechanisms of Polyphenol-Derived Silver Nanoparticles from Vietnamese Robusta Coffee Husk.
Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Vietnam is one of the world’s largest producers of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), generating substantial quantities of coffee husks that remain largely unexplored for green nanotechnology. This study evaluated Vietnamese Robusta coffee husks (VRCH) as a sustainable precursor for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (VRCH-gAgNPs) and assessed their potential for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. Optimization experiments identified suitable conditions for VRCH-gAgNP biosynthesis, yielding polymorphic, highly stable nanoparticles (mean size 65 nm, zeta potential − 57 mV) with sustained colloidal stability for up to 90 days. Phytochemical profiling revealed chlorogenic acid (CGA) and epicatechin (EPCC) as the dominant constituents, and DFT simulations confirmed them as the primary reducing and stabilizing agents. This first DFT-based analysis demonstrated that CGA, EPCC, and their oxidized forms form thermodynamically favorable nanocomplexes with Ag₈ clusters, while MEP, PDOS, NCI/RDG, and HOMO-LUMO analyses elucidated the electronic features and noncovalent interactions governing nanocluster formation. Biologically, VRCH-gAgNPs exhibited strong antifungal effects against multiple Phytophthora and Fusarium pathogens, including the first documented inhibition of P. heveae and enhanced suppression of F. oxysporum. Molecular docking further showed that CGA/EPCC–Ag₈ nanocomplexes possess stronger binding affinity toward the F. oxysporum 1TRY protein than free compounds, providing mechanistic insight into their antifungal activity. Additionally, ADMET and PASS predictions were incorporated to reinforce evaluations of pharmacokinetics, safety, and bioactivity potential. Overall, this study highlights VRCH as a valuable agri-byproduct for eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis and underscores the potential of VRCH-gAgNPs as promising candidates for sustainable phytopathogen management.
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