Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41925975›Full record

ArticleBioresources and bioprocessing2026

Therapeutic potential of infrared-treated bee venom: enhanced multi-faceted bioactivity via compositional modulation.

Husam Qanash, Aisha M H Al-Rajhi, Sulaiman A Alsalamah, Abdulrahman S Bazaid, Ali Alghubayshi, Safa H Qahl, Amro Duhduh, Abadi M Mashlawi, Mohamed M Alawlaqi, Mashael Hakami

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioresources and bioprocessing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Husam QanashDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, 55476, Hail, Saudi Arabia. h.qanash@uoh.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-0313
Aisha M H Al-RajhiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sulaiman A AlsalamahDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman S BazaidDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, 55476, Hail, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-0278
Ali AlghubayshiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, 55473, Hail, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-2008-0146
Safa H QahlDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Amro DuhduhDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Abadi M MashlawiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed M AlawlaqiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mashael HakamiPharmacy Department, Jazan University Hospital, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNURSP2026R217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural products are rich therapeutic sources, yet their translation into effective medicines remains challenging. Bee venom (BV) contains a diverse repertoire of bioactive molecules, but gentle, scalable methods to enhance its functionality are limited. This study, therefore, investigates a novel, solvent-free, post-extraction infrared (IR) conditioning step to fine-tune BV's composition and bioactivity. BV was irradiated (230 V, 50 Hz, 150 W) and compared to native extract using GC-MS and bioactivity assays. GC-MS revealed selective compositional tuning, with significant enrichment (p ≤ 0.05) of 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy. IR-treated BV exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, with increased zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus (15 ± 0.1 vs. 11 ± 0.4 mm), Bacillus subtilis (24 ± 0.2 vs. 22 ± 0.6 mm), Candida albicans (26 ± 0.1 vs. 22 ± 0.5 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (24 ± 0.4 vs. 15 ± 0.3 mm), and Salmonella typhi (27 ± 0.8 vs. 20 ± 0.7 mm). MICs decreased for S. aureus, B. subtilis, and K. pneumoniae. The treated BV also showed stronger antibiofilm activity at 25% MBC concentrations for K. pneumoniae and S. typhi (p ≤ 0.05) and significantly reduced hemolysis at 25% MIC for S. aureus and B. subtilis (p ≤ 0.05). Antioxidant capacity increased (DPPH IC

Indexed as

AntibiofilmAnticancerAntihemolyticAnti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntioxidantBee venomInfrared irradiation

Identifiers

PMID41925975
PMCPMC13046948

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.