ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2026
Research progress on the mechanisms of EB virus reshaping the immune microenvironment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CRISPR-Engineered CAR-T Cell Therapy for Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Review of Emerging Therapeutic Prospects.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) related epithelial malignant tumor. Over 90% of patients diagnosed with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma are infected with EB virus. EBV infection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma leads to the remodeling of the immune microenvironment. There are now numerous research mechanisms regarding the remodeling of the immune microenvironment by EBV. This article systematically integrates single-cell transcriptomics, spatial metabolomics, and clinical research evidence, and from four dimensions: effector cell exhaustion, inhibitory cell expansion, metabolic reprogramming, and spatial organization of tertiary lymphoid structures, it analyzes the multi-level mechanisms by which EBV remodels the immune microenvironment. The core findings indicate that EBV constructs a multi-target and multi-level coordinated regulatory network through its encoded proteins (LMP1, LMP2A, EBNA1, and BRRF2) and non-coding RNAs (miR-BARTs and circRNAs). This regulatory mechanism dynamically evolves at different stages of the disease, with synergistic effects during the latent and lytic phases, forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, the limitations in mechanism understanding have led to difficulties in clinical translation and drug use. The objective response rate of PD-1 inhibitors is only 20–30%. Single-target blockade is difficult to improve treatment efficacy. Therefore, based on previous research data, we propose that in the future, we need to shift from single-target blockade to the overall ecosystem regulation of the immune microenvironment, combined with targeted inhibition of immune checkpoints, chemokine axes, metabolic nodes, and viral own products, and based on EBV DNA load and TLS status for precise stratification. This is expected to break through the current treatment limitations and promote EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma from empirical treatment to mechanism-driven precise immunotherapy intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.