ArticleNucleic acids research2026
HAMMER: hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated mRNA editing reporter.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- CRYSPER and CUREIPES: two new molecular tools enabling analysis of RNA splicing and C-to-U RNA editing-inducible protein expression at single cell resolution.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Genetic studies with a uracil DNA glycosylase biosensor support a role for mitochondrial UNG1 in nuclear uracil repair.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Collapsing retroviruses for efficient delivery of viro-toxic cargoes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Full-length structure of the anti-viral and pro-tumor DNA deaminase APOBEC3B.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
APOBEC3A catalyzes cytosine-to-uracil deamination in single-stranded DNA and RNA. Physiologically, APOBEC3A functions in innate immunity and aberrant deamination is associated with cytosine mutations in enzymatically preferred YTCW substrate motifs in multiple cancers. Much less is known about the potential contribution of APOBEC3A-catalyzed RNA editing to virus and cancer evolution. Here, we present HAMMER (hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated messenger RNA editing reporter), a rapid luminescence-based cellular assay for measuring RNA editing by APOBEC3A. HAMMER reports APOBEC3A activity as a reduction in the ratio of firefly to renilla luciferase activity. Briefly, tandem renilla and firefly luciferase open reading frames are separated by an optimal APOBEC3A hairpin substrate, in which C-to-U editing of a CGA motif yields a UGA stop codon thus preventing translation of the downstream firefly luciferase reporter, without impacting the upstream renilla reporter. HAMMER activation is dose-responsive, catalytic activity-dependent, and specific to human APOBEC3A. A panel of herpesviral ribonucleotide reductase constructs was used to show that direct inhibition of APOBEC3A results in a dose-responsive recovery of firefly luciferase expression. HAMMER is therefore a scalable and easy-to-use method for quantifying cellular APOBEC3A RNA editing activity and characterizing inhibitors.
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