ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2026
HIV-Specific vs Universal Immunization Coverage in US Children with HIV: A Multi-Site Study.
Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundImmunization recommendations for children living with HIV (CLWH) differ from the general pediatric population due to increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Adherence to these specific recommendations remains understudied in the United States. We assessed HIV-specific versus universal immunization coverage across multiple pediatric HIV clinics.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of CLWH (0-18 years) receiving HIV care as of May 1, 2021, at 6 US pediatric HIV clinics. We evaluated coverage for universal and HIV-specific vaccines, including those that may require additional doses for CLWH. Associations between vaccine coverage and demographic factors, as well as HIV-related factors, were assessed using inferential statistics and prevalence ratios (PR).
resultsAmong the 238 CLWH, coverage for HIV-specific vaccines was lower than universal vaccines. PPSV23 had the lowest coverage (25.7%), followed by MenACWY (46.2%), compared to universal vaccine coverages of 74.0%-91.8%, except rotavirus. For PPSV23, 7-12 years age group was almost one-fifth as likely to be up-to-date compared to 0-6 years (PR 0.19, 95% CI, 0.09-0.43) while those receiving primary care at an HIV clinic were more likely to be up-to-date (PR 4.11, 95% CI, 2.58-6.55). For MenACWY, those receiving primary care at an HIV clinic (PR 1.97, 95% CI, 1.53-2.53) or having Medicaid (PR 1.58, 95% CI, 1.19-2.11) were more likely to be up-to-date.
conclusionsSignificant gaps exist in adherence to HIV-specific immunization recommendations. Targeted interventions, including integrated HIV and primary care services and enhanced clinical decision support systems, may improve coverage for CLWH.
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