Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41925106›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Quality indicators for safe and effective medication use in long-term care facilities: A modified Delphi study.

Daria S Gutteridge, Sara Javanparast, Annabel H Calder, Gillian E Caughey, Andrew C Stafford, Gregory M Peterson, Maria C Inacio, Peter D Hibbert, Elizabeth Manias, Jodie B Hillen and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Daria S GutteridgeUniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7527-4052
Sara JavanparastUniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Annabel H CalderUniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Gillian E CaugheyRegistry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Andrew C StaffordCurtin Medical School and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Gregory M PetersonSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Maria C InacioRegistry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Peter D HibbertUniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Elizabeth ManiasMonash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-0087
Jodie B HillenSchool of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
Janet K SluggettUniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) 2022 Quality, Safety and Effectiveness of Medicine Use by Pharmacists MRFMMIP000019NHMRC Investigator GNT119378NHMRC Investigator GNT2016277NHMRC Investigator GNT2026400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThis modified Delphi study aimed to achieve expert agreement on quality indicators (QIs) suitable for application at the population level, to evaluate quality use of medications and pharmacist services in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

methodsWe conducted a two-round modified online Delphi study with a multidisciplinary panel of Australian subject matter experts (n = 25). Experts rated 58 QIs, identified in a recent systematic review, on three criteria (importance, feasibility and amenability to change by an on-site pharmacist) using a 9-point Likert scale. A QI was selected if it reached agreement between expert members (defined as a disagreement index of ≤1) with a high median score (≥7 on the Likert scale) across all three criteria.

resultsTwenty-five experts completed the first Delphi round, and 24 completed the second round. Overall, high scores with agreement were obtained for 45 QIs (78%) for importance, 27 QIs (47%) for feasibility and 25 QIs (43%) for amenability to change. Seventeen of the 58 QIs received high scores in agreement across all three criteria and were selected, covering: multidisciplinary clinical care (n = 7 QIs), clinical governance (n = 5), medication-specific issues (n = 3) and end-of-life care (n = 2).

conclusionThe identified QIs provide a valuable foundation to capture and monitor the complexity of medication management, including on-site pharmacist services, in LTCFs. Subject to future testing and research, the expert-prioritized QIs could help optimize medication-related quality of care efforts and improve outcomes for residents in LTCFs.

Indexed as

Long-Term CareNursing HomesPharmaceutical ServicesQuality Indicators, Health CareAustraliaDelphi TechniqueHumansPharmacistsmonitoringnursing homeprescribingquality use of medicines

Identifiers

PMID41925106
PMCPMC13420908

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.