ArticleBrain communications2026
Spinal cord versus brain imaging biomarkers of multiple sclerosis trajectory combining 7T and 3T MRI.
Article in Brain communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: 25 years of progress, remaining challenges and future directions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
In multiple sclerosis, different types of lesions and their localization can have varying effects on clinical disability and disease progression. Ultra-high field 7-Tesla MRI improves the visualization of cortical, especially subpial, lesions and of white matter lesions with a paramagnetic rim that are associated with smoldering inflammation. Spinal cord atrophy is also a critical determinant of clinical disability in multiple sclerosis, but its importance relative to paramagnetic rim and cortical lesions in predicting neurological disability and its progression remains unclear. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to identify the most relevant predictors of both the baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale status and 4-year progression independent of relapse activity in a heterogeneous multiple sclerosis cohort. One-hundred-twelve patients (83 relapsing-remitting and 29 secondary progressive; mean age 42.3 years, mean disease duration 9.8 years) underwent 7-Tesla T2* susceptibility-weighted images to segment paramagnetic rim lesions, non-rim white matter lesions and cortical lesions; 3-Tesla T1-weighted brain MRI images extended to the C2-C3 spinal cord were employed to obtain brain volumes and the spinal cord C2-C3 cross-sectional area using FreeSurfer and Spinal Cord Toolbox. Clinical disability was assessed through the Expanded Disability Status Scale at baseline and, in 97/112 patients (86.6%), after a mean follow-up of 4.0 years. The association between imaging metrics and clinical outcome was evaluated using correlations and regression models, corrected for age, sex, treatment class and clinical follow-up time. The main predictors of baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale were cortical lesion (
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