Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41924677›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Digital Versus Conventional Splints in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Fahad W Almansour, Khaled Alshammari, Dhari Mohammed Alhajri, Maryam Bader Alzamanan, Fay Hamed Alduaij, Khaled Walled Abdullah, Mohammad Homoud Alnoumas, Ahmed Abdelaziz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Fahad W AlmansourDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Khaled AlshammariDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Dhari Mohammed AlhajriDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Maryam Bader AlzamananDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Fay Hamed AlduaijDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Khaled Walled AbdullahDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Mohammad Homoud AlnoumasDepartment of Dentistry, Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KWT.
Ahmed AbdelazizDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Occlusal splints are widely used as a conservative treatment modality for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). With the increasing integration of digital technologies in dentistry, computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflows have emerged. Although digital splints are increasingly adopted in clinical practice, their clinical effectiveness compared with conventionally fabricated splints remains uncertain. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from database inception to March 2026 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing digital with conventional occlusal splints in patients with TMD. The primary outcome was the mean difference of pain intensity post intervention. Continuous outcomes were analyzed using mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Eight RCTs comprising 390 patients were included. Seven studies reported posttreatment pain scores, showing no significant difference between digital and conventional splints (MD = -0.22; 95% CI = -0.92 to 0.48; p = 0.54; I² = 77.9%). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in limited mouth opening or maximum mouth opening. Patient satisfaction was also comparable between groups. However, digitally fabricated splints were associated with significantly shorter clinical occlusal adjustment time compared with conventional splints (MD = -9.10 minutes; 95% CI = -15.18 to -3.02; p < 0.001). Digital and conventional occlusal splints provide comparable clinical outcomes in patients with TMD with respect to pain relief, mouth opening, and patient satisfaction. However, digitally fabricated splints may offer a practical advantage by reducing clinical adjustment time. Further high-quality trials with standardized outcomes and longer follow-up are warranted.

Indexed as

cad/camdigital dentistrydigital occlusal splintstemporomandibular joint (tmj) disorderstmd

Identifiers

PMID41924677
PMCPMC13037560

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.