ReviewOncoTargets and therapy2026
HMGB1 as Double-Edged Regulator of Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Roles in Chemotherapy Resistance and Immunotherapy Response.
Review in OncoTargets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous non-histone nuclear protein with multifaceted roles in cancer biology. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological effects of HMGB1 are highly context-dependent, being determined by its subcellular localization, redox state, and release kinetics. Nuclear HMGB1 regulates chromatin structure and genome stability, whereas cytoplasmic HMGB1 controls autophagy and cell survival. When released extracellularly during cellular stress or therapy-induced immunogenic cell death, HMGB1 functions as a damage-associated molecular pattern that activates innate and adaptive immunity through pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4. In this narrative review, we synthesize recent mechanistic and translational studies to clarify how HMGB1 regulates tumor proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic responses under different treatment modalities. We particularly discuss the dual roles of HMGB1 in chemotherapy and emerging immunotherapies. Collectively, these insights highlight HMGB1 as a potential biomarker of treatment response and a therapeutically modifiable node for optimizing chemo-immunotherapy combination strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.