ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026
Evaluation of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Metformin is the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management but has been linked to vitamin B12 deficiency (VB12D), a condition with potential hematological, neurological, and neuropsychiatric consequences. Despite this association, little is known about its burden in Uganda. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of VB12D among patients with T2DM on metformin at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH). Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 257 adult T2DM patients on metformin attending the diabetic clinic at HRRH between February and April 2024. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and chart reviews. Serum vitamin B12 levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Deficiency was defined as levels <150 pg/mL. Data were analyzed using STATA v17. Logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with VB12D. Results: The prevalence of VB12D among participants was 10.1%. Independent factors associated with VB12D included metformin use ≥10 years (AOR 3.94; 95% CI 1.34-11.56), daily dose of 2000 mg (AOR 4.32; 95% CI 1.47-12.67), and elevated glycated hemoglobin (AOR 2.63; 95% CI 1.08-6.41). Clinical outcomes significantly associated with VB12D included peripheral neuropathy (76.9% vs 46.8%, p=0.005) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (50.0% vs 28.6%, p=0.042). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is relatively common among T2DM patients on metformin at HRRH. Longer duration and higher dosage of metformin, as well as poor glycemic control, were significantly associated with deficiency. Peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychiatric manifestations were more frequent among those deficient. Routine screening for VB12D, especially in patients on long-term and high-dose metformin, is recommended to reduce morbidity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.