ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2026
Refractive Errors and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Handan: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Refractive Errors, Amblyopia Risk, and Prenatal Factors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the differences in refractive status between children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and normal children, as well as the differences in the development of ocular characteristic parameters such as axial length(AL), in order to provide some help for eye care and subsequent rehabilitation in this group. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 95 children aged 4-12 years with ASD from the Handan region of China, along with 96 matched control children. All participants underwent non-cycloplegic ocular refraction and ocular biometric parameter measurements, aiming to explore the association between ASD and ocular refractive errors as well as ocular biometric parameters. Results: Children with ASD exhibited significantly higher hyperopia, Spherical equivalent (SE: ASD 0.00 ±1.30 DS vs control -0.50 ±1.80 DS, p < 0.01), Cylinder (CYL: ASD -0.75 ±1.50DC vs control -0.50 ±0.50 DC, p < 0.01), shallower Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) (ASD 2.93 ±0.26 vs control 3.03 ±0.34, p < 0.05) compared to controls. SE was negatively correlated with AL. The axial length-to-crane ratio (AL/CR), ACD, and vitreous thickness (VT) were positively correlated with lens thickness (LT) (p <0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SE, CYL, AL/CR, and ACD were associated with ASD (all p-values <0.05). The random forest model indicated that SE (25.5%) and ACD (25.3%) were the primary predictors of ASD. Conclusion: The detection of ocular biological characteristic parameters has significant guiding significance for correcting refractive errors in children with ASD. Moreover, the combined diagnosis of SE, CYL, AL/CR, and may help identify children who may benefit from further ASD assessment. However, the predictive utility of these parameters requires validation in prospective, larger-scale studies.
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