Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41924450›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026

Triphenylphosphonium Bolaamphiphile-Liposomes Loaded with Resveratrol and Trolox: Mitochondriotropic Formulations with Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegeneration and Cancer.

Francesca Ceccacci, Fabrizio Ciranna, Simona Sennato, Beatrice Simonis, Alessia Ciogli, Stefano Gallina, Sofia Migani, Annarica Calcabrini, Riccardo Salvio, Eleonora Calicchia and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Francesca Ceccacci *Institute for Biological Systems (ISB)-CNR, Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3191-8562
Fabrizio Ciranna *Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-8815-4419
Simona SennatoInstitute for Complex Systems (ISC)-CNR and Physics Department Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4793-5359
Beatrice SimonisInstitute for Biological Systems (ISB)-CNR, Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Alessia CiogliDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Stefano GallinaDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Sofia MiganiNational Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Annarica CalcabriniNational Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Riccardo SalvioInstitute for Biological Systems (ISB)-CNR, Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0398-8408
Eleonora CalicchiaDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2693-5237
Giuseppina BozzutoNational Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9761-3326
Viviana MoresiInstitute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC)-CNR, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Cecilia BombelliInstitute for Biological Systems (ISB)-CNR, Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0877-0504

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to develop mitochondriotropic liposomes (TPP3-liposomes) formulated with a phospholipid (PC) and the triphenylphosphonium bolaamphiphile TPP3, and encapsulate two antioxidants, trans-resveratrol (hydrophobic) and Trolox (hydrophilic), for mitochondrial therapy of neurodegeneration and drug-resistant tumors. Methods: The influence of the PC (saturated or unsaturated) and TPP3/PC ratio on liposome physico-chemical properties (diameter, polydispersity, charge, transition temperature, and stability over time) were investigated by Dynamic and Dielectrophoretic Light Scattering measurements. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, mitochondrial targeting and effect on mitochondrial membrane potential of TPP3-liposomes were conducted utilizing an MTT assay, laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry on drug-resistant human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) and murine skeletal muscle cells (C2C12): MDA-MB231 cells have been selected as a model for studying multiple drug resistance (MDR) in cancer; C2C12 cells have been chosen to investigate the oxidative stress associated with the ageing process and neurodegenerative muscle diseases. Two different strategies were explored for antioxidant loading: active loading into the liposome aqueous cavity (resveratrol, Trolox) and passive loading inside the lipid bilayer membrane (resveratrol). Results: The amount of TPP3 bolaamphiphile and lipid composition affect liposomes' physicochemical properties, liposome bilayer organization, and antioxidant loading efficiency. TPP3 confers the ability to reach mitochondria even in low amounts (2.5%); liposomes with 2.5% of TPP3 are non-toxic and capable of encapsulating the antioxidants. TPP3-liposomes encapsulating trans-resveratrol in the lipid bilayer membrane or in the aqueous cavity were developed, with high entrapment efficiency in both cases. Trolox was encapsulated in the aqueous cavity of liposomes, without precedents in literature, with very high entrapment efficiency and enhanced stability following encapsulation. TPP3-liposomes can deliver resveratrol to the mitochondria in the MDA-MB231 cells, exerting a protective activity on the mitochondrial structure. Conclusion: Our findings support the potential of antioxidant-loaded liposomes as adjuvants in neurodegenerative diseases or sensitizing agents in cancer therapy.

Indexed as

ChromansLiposomesOrganophosphorus CompoundsStilbenesAnimalsAntioxidantsCell Line, TumorCell SurvivalFemaleHumansMembrane Potential, MitochondrialMiceMitochondriaResveratrol6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acidAntioxidantsChromansLiposomesOrganophosphorus CompoundsResveratrolStilbenestriphenylphosphoniumantioxidantsMDR in cancermitochondriotropic liposomesneurodegenerative diseasessensitizing agentstarget therapy

Identifiers

PMID41924450
PMCPMC13037531

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.