Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41924435›Full record

ArticleNPJ acoustics2026

Flexible ultrasound array for subcortical brain stimulation in humans: a simulation study.

Haoming Huo, Anthony DiSpirito, Nanchao Wang, Chenhang Li, Sunho Moon, Chaorui Qiu, Kaiping Yin, Huaiyu Wu, Bin Sun, Roarke Horstmeyer and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ acoustics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Haoming HuoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Anthony DiSpiritoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Nanchao WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Chenhang LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Sunho MoonDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA.
Chaorui QiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Kaiping YinDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Huaiyu WuDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA.
Bin SunDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Roarke HorstmeyerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Wuwei FengDepartment of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA.
Xiaoning JiangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA.
Xiaoyue NiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
Junjie YaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory tool that holds promise for various neuropsychiatric disorders. While it offers several distinct advantages, it also faces notable technical challenges. The irregular shape and inhomogeneous acoustic properties of the human skull impede efficient acoustic energy transmission through the skull. So far, clinical semi-spherical (hemispherical) arrays still suffer from strong wave reflection and refraction at the skull interface, especially with steering. We propose a flexible ultrasound array that conforms to individual skull shapes and can be optimized to target vertex-accessible subcortical regions. The impact of flexible array configuration was investigated by comparing the flexible array with a semi-spherical array commonly used in the clinical setting. Numerical results show that the random-patterned flexible array reduces the

Indexed as

Electrical and electronic engineeringNeuroscienceTechniques and instrumentation

Identifiers

PMID41924435
PMCPMC13035476

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.