ArticleResearch (Washington, D.C.)2026
Co-Extracellular Vesicles Delivery System Enhances Immunochemotherapy for Glioblastoma.
Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Emerging Nanomedicine Strategies for Sepsis: Immunomodulation and Beyond.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) frequently impede the effective treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Herein, a co-extracellular vesicles (EVs) delivery system composed of M0 RAW264.7 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) and doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded lemon-derived EVs (LEVDs) is demonstrated, enabling a significant enhancement of immunochemotherapy for GBM. This system facilitates the penetration of both EV types across the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier, enabling precise modulation of TAMs and tumor cells within the GBM microenvironment. During this process, MEVs exhibit a remarkable homing capacity toward TAMs, and meanwhile, they are enriched in microRNA let-7f-5p, which targets the 3' untranslated region of A20 mRNA in M2 macrophages, leading to the activation of nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. This cascade drives the repolarization of M2 macrophages toward an M1 phenotype, effectively reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Concurrently, LEVDs exhibit exceptional targeting of GBM cells through receptor-ligand interactions, facilitating efficient chemotherapy. As expected, the co-EVs delivery system significantly enhances immunochemotherapy for GBM through MEVs-mediated TAM repolarization and LEVDs-driven chemotherapy.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.