Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41923955›Full record

ArticleACS applied engineering materials2026

Using Electric Fields for in Situ Curing of Carbon Fiber/Phenolic Composites in Additive Manufacturing.

Christian J McGovern, Kyle A Oubre, Ethan M Harkin, Sayyam S Deshpande, Ethan M Walker, Carolyn T Long, John D Bernardin, Micah J Green

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS applied engineering materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Christian J McGovernArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Kyle A OubreArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Ethan M HarkinArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Sayyam S DeshpandeArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Ethan M WalkerMaterials Science and Technology-7, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.
Carolyn T LongMaterials Science and Technology-7, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.
John D BernardinMaterials Science and Technology-7, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.
Micah J GreenArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-0861

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate electrothermal heating and curing of carbon fiber (CF)/phenolic composites to enable successive deposition for additive manufacturing (aka 3D printing). Electric fields are capable of heating susceptor materials, which makes them a potential heat source for 3D printing thermoset composites, such as CF/Phenolic prepregs. We investigated the heating response of CF/phenolic prepregs when exposed to electric fields and found that our prepregs reached the target temperature of 210 °C when the electric field applicator was supplied with low power (8 W). We also show continuous heating and curing by translating prepregs through an electric field. Finally, we demonstrate additive manufacturing by manually depositing a layer or prepreg, using an electric field to perform in situ curing, and then repeating the process to create multilayer structures. This multilayer structure showed no macroscopic deformation in contrast to conventional methods and showed that additive manufacturing is possible.

Indexed as

Additive Manufacturing TechnologiesCarbon Fiber CompositesElectric Field HeatingIn Situ CuringThermosets

Identifiers

PMID41923955
PMCPMC13036710

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.