ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Straw return combined with single-season phosphorus application for rapeseed enhances the annual productivity and phosphorus use efficiency under rapeseed-rice rotation.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The rapeseed-rice rotation system involves high phosphorus application rates in both seasons, with low phosphorus use efficiency and a large amount of straw produced. However, the synergistic mechanism of phosphorus fertilizer management and straw return in this system remains unclear. Methods: A two-factor split-plot experiment was designed to systematically investigate the effects of straw incorporation and seasonal phosphorus (P) reduction on annual productivity, P-use efficiency, soil fertility, and microbial community structure in a rapeseed-rice rotation system in 2022-2024. The main plot was no straw return (S1) and straw return (S2) for both the rapeseed and rice seasons. The subplot was set with three P application modes: no P application throughout the year (P1), P application throughout the year (P2), and P application only during the rapeseed season (P3) . Results: S2 significantly enhanced annual yield and P-use efficiency of the rapeseed-rice rotation system, with the best results observed under treatment P3. Under treatment S2, the P fertilizer uptake and utilization rate increased by 22.28%, the partial factor productivity of P fertilizer improved by 19.4%, and the agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer increased by 67.52% compared to that under treatment S1. The P3 treatment further improved P-use efficiency, with the P fertilizer uptake and utilization rate being 92.51% higher than that of the P2 treatment. Additionally, the S2P3 treatment significantly increased rice root morphology and ATPase activity, soil organic matter content, the total P contents and the relative abundance of soil P-soluble bacteria in the soil. Discussion: Straw return combined with rapeseed single-season P application significantly increased the annual productivity of the rapeseed-rice rotation system, improved the ATPase of rice, and increased the total P and Olsen-P contents in the soil through straw decomposition and the activity of soil P-soluble bacteria. This significantly improved P-uptake efficiency, achieved P reduction and increased P-use efficiency.
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