ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Against Medically Attended Influenza in People With Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Multicenter, Test-Negative, Case-control Study.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD) face an increased risk of severe influenza complications. However, limited studies offer estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza within these CRD populations in China. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, test-negative, case-control study was conducted to estimate the VE in 37 medical institutions in Shanghai, China, during the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 seasons. We included patients with CRD who presented with acute respiratory infections and received nucleic acid amplification tests and/or rapid antigen tests. Patients with CRD with a positive test were assigned to the case group, and those with a negative test were assigned to the control group. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to control potential confounders and to determine 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 10 711 participants, including 1650 influenza cases (5.8% vaccinated) and 9061 influenza-negative controls (7.9% vaccinated), were eligible for analysis. The combined VE over the 2 seasons was estimated to be 44.23% (95% CI: 30.45-55.75) for the study population. The VE was 42.91% (95% CI: 27.13-55.78) in the 2023/2024 season and 51.51% (95% CI: 17.70-73.61) in the 2024/2025 season. The combined VE for influenza subtypes A and B were 38.49% (95% CI: 21.75-52.27) and 62.64% (95% CI: 39.91-78.28), respectively. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination provides consistent and moderate protection to patients with CRD against medically attended influenza, regardless of the dominant circulating subtypes. Nevertheless, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal, underscoring the need to improve annual influenza vaccination uptake among patients with CRD , even amid ongoing viral antigenic evolution through shifts and drifts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.