Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41923892›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Serological Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype in Occupational Populations Exposed to Poultry Environment in China During 2018-2023.

Hong Bo, Ye Zhang, Jie Dong, Xiyan Li, Weijuan Huang, Yanhui Cheng, Zi Li, Hejiang Wei, Ning Xiao, Dayan Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Egyptian rousette bat humoral immunity to H9 influenza hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H9N2 influenza virus, New York, United States, 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hong BoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4973-3879
Ye ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Jie DongNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Xiyan LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Weijuan HuangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Yanhui ChengNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Zi LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Hejiang WeiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Ning XiaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
Dayan WangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 has a major role in the emergence of influenza pandemic. We assessed the risk of AIV H9N2 to the human population and public health. Method: The hemagglutination inhibition method was used to screen for hemagglutinin antibodies. Microneutralization tests were performed to confirm neutralizing antibodies against the AIV H9N2 subtype. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect the H9 subtype in environmental samples. GraphPad Prism software was used for mapping, and STATA software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The nationwide seroprevalence among these populations was 0.76%. Seroprevalence was compared across regions, genders, and occupational exposure sites. The seroprevalence rates for males and females showed no significant difference. Significant differences were found across regions and occupational exposure environments ( Conclusions: Poultry-related environments have become a key factor in AIV H9N2 infection among occupational populations. Exposure to LPM showed the highest seroprevalence among occupational groups. The distribution characteristics of H9N2 across different poultry environments increased the risk of infection in occupationally exposed populations.

Indexed as

environmentH9N2occupational populationspoultryseroprevalence

Identifiers

PMID41923892
PMCPMC13037758

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.