Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41923880›Full record

ArticleJournal of electrical bioimpedance2026

Bioimpedance-based evaluation of relative leaf age in mango twigs using electrical impedance spectroscopy.

Ade Agung Harnawan, Khusnul Ain, Nuril Ukhrowiyah, Imam Sapuan, Ahmad Hoirul Basori

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of electrical bioimpedance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ade Agung HarnawanDoctoral of Mathematical and Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Khusnul AinMedical Instrumentation System, Biosensor, Biomechatronics, and Biomaterials Research Group Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Nuril UkhrowiyahPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Imam SapuanMedical Instrumentation System, Biosensor, Biomechatronics, and Biomaterials Research Group Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Ahmad Hoirul BasoriFaculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdudaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study proposes a non-destructive method for estimating the relative age of mango leaves using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a modified double-shell equivalent circuit model. Impedance measurements were conducted on six mango varieties using five leaves per variety representing different positions along the twig. The Nyquist plots showed increasing circular arc diameters with leaf position, indicating higher charge transfer resistance in older leaves. Fitting results revealed that R1 increased while C1 decreased systematically with leaf age. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive correlation between R1 and leaf position and a strong negative correlation for C1, whereas n1 showed no significant relationship. Linear regression yielded high coefficients of determination for most varieties. The selection of R1 and C1 as electrical indicators was supported by their low fitting errors, strong correlations, and consistent regression performance. These results demonstrate that EIS provides a rapid and reliable non-destructive approach for assessing the physiological age of mango leaves.

Indexed as

charge transfer resistancedouble-shell equivalent circuitElectrical impedance spectroscopymembrane capacitancerelative leaf age

Identifiers

PMID41923880
PMCPMC13037551

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.