ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Cost analysis of female breast cancer in Antigua and Barbuda: a prevalence based study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Investigating Drug Treatment Costs and Patient Characteristics of Female Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancers in Antigua and Barbuda: A Retrospective Data Study (2017-2021).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Observational
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Female breast cancer still represents a substantial public health obstacle in many countries. The condition remains costly for healthcare providers and imposes heavy burdens on healthcare systems in countries globally. There is a significant gap in information regarding the economic burden of carcinoma of the breast affecting the women of Antigua and Barbuda. Consequently, this research aims to quantify the costs related to female breast carcinoma from the perspective of the healthcare provider in the country. Methods: This study employed a prevalence-based cost of illness methodology. Data on female breast cancer were collected from four research sites in Antigua and Barbuda for the years 2017 to 2021 to calculate the average yearly prevalence. Both top down and bottom up costing methods were employed to compute direct medical costs, using the price levels from 2021 and converting the amounts to United States Dollars. Results: Estimated total annual direct medical costs for female breast carcinoma was USD3.1 million. Treatment for clinical stages I to IV accounted for 78% of costs. Our leading contributors to annual direct medical costs were treatment (USD2,458,305.82), post-treatment care (USD390,474.79), and diagnosis and imaging (USD143,045.38). Overall direct medical unit costs was estimated at USD177,618.02, with lead drivers being surgery, systemic therapy, and 'other complications of treatment'. Conclusion: Our study presented findings regarding direct medical costs of female breast carcinoma in Antigua and Barbuda. Our cost estimates appeared considerable given the local context. These findings provided a reference for informing health policy, advising on resources allocation, and encouraging cost containment in female breast cancer management in Antigua and Barbuda.
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