Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41923626›Full record

Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2026

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis-nucleus accumbens stimulation for depression: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Yijie Lai, Yingying Zhang, Yuhan Wang, Linbin Wang, Luling Dai, Kuanghao Ye, Xin Lv, Fengting Wang, Jinrong Zhang, Yijie Zhao and 17 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04530942 (The Efficacy and Prediction of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-resistant Depression), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04530942 naunknown statusnot on this map

The Efficacy and Prediction of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-resistant Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorRuijin HospitalRan2021 to 2024Enrolled34ConditionsMajor Depressive Disorder, Deep Brain StimulationArmsDeep brain stimulation(Active), Deep brain stimulation(Sham)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Yijie LaiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yingying ZhangInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuhan WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Linbin WangInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Luling DaiDepartment of Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Kuanghao YeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xin LvDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Fengting WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jinrong ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yijie ZhaoInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Kejia HuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Peng HuangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoxiao ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xian QiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yixin PanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wei LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qimin LiuDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Chencheng ZhangClinical Neuroscience Center, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center Comprehensive Epilepsy Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yiru FangClinical Neuroscience Center, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center Comprehensive Epilepsy Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zheng YeSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ti-Fei YuanSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Dianyou LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ninfei LiDepartment of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Andres M LozanoDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Valerie VoonInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: vv247@cam.ac.uk.
Shikun ZhanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: shikun_zhan@163.com.
Bomin SunDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: sbm11224@rjh.com.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows potential in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), the efficacy remains controversial. To assess the efficacy of DBS of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) for TRD, we conduct a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial after an open-label optimization stage. Stimulation leads to a mean decrease in the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD) scores of 10.1 points (p < 0.001) with a 50% response rate at the end of the open-label stage. Anxiety, quality of life, and disability are also improved. The HAMD scores are significantly lower in patients during active DBS than during sham DBS (p < 0.001). Serious adverse events include suicide (1 patient) and seizure (1 patients). With individual stimulation analysis, we identify optimal stimulation sites, fiber tracts, and functional networks (false discovery rate [FDR] p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of BNST-NAc DBS for TRD and reveals optimal brain targets for stimulation. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04530942).

Indexed as

Deep Brain StimulationDepressionNucleus AccumbensSeptal NucleiAdultCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeTreatment Outcomeclinical trialdeep brain stimulationdepressionfunctional connectivitymagnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID41923626
PMCPMC13130622

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.