ArticleBMC public health2026
Prevalence and correlates of digital violence among female members of the faculty of medicine, Alexandria University.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDigital violence has emerged as a significant extension of gender-based violence within academic contexts, where technological tools enable novel forms of harassment, surveillance, and online exploitation. Women in higher-education institutions particularly within medical faculties, face heightened vulnerability due to structural hierarchies, public digital visibility, and persistent gender inequities. Despite global recognition of this issue, evidence from low- and middle-income countries remains limited.
objectiveThis study sought to determine the prevalence, correlates, and institutional determinants of digital violence among female members of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, while assessing their digital safety awareness, perceptions of cyber ethics, and barriers to reporting such incidents.
methodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from April to June 2025 among 420 female participants, including undergraduate students, teaching assistants, and faculty staff members. A structured pretested self-administered questionnaire measured digital violence experience, digital safety awareness (DSA), cyber-ethics perception (CEP), reporting knowledge (RK), barriers (BTR), facilitators to reporting (FTR), help-seeking preferences, training needs and institutional climate. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26 through descriptive statistics, correlations, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression. Open-ended responses were thematically analyzed to complement quantitative findings.
resultsOverall, 40% of participants reported experiencing digital violence, primarily in the forms of online harassment (22.6%), hate speech (17.1%), and cyberstalking (14.8%). The most common consequences included psychological distress (66.7%) and impaired academic or work performance (42.3%). Higher DSA, CEP, RK, and FTR scores were associated with lower odds of digital violence, whereas greater perceived barriers (BTR) significantly increased risk (Adjusted OR = 1.60; p < 0.001). Being an undergraduate, single, or a heavy internet user (> 5 h/day) increased vulnerability, while prior digital-safety training was protective.
conclusionDigital violence poses a growing threat to female academics and students in medical education. Addressing it requires stronger institutional support systems, expanded digital-safety education, and the establishment of confidential, anonymous reporting mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.