ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2026
Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala and Hippocampus in PTSD: Results From the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group.
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Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physical restraint induces conditioned place aversion and region-specific c-Fos activation in mice.Neuroscience letters · 2026Article
- Fine mapping of PTSD GWAS reveals a role for amygdalabioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Physical restraint induces conditioned place aversion and region-specific c-Fos activation in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
99 authors.
Cecilia A HinojosaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.ORCID 0000-0002-2577-6142
Delin SunBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Courtney RussellBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC.
C Lexi BairdBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Ahmed HussainBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Mohammad SendiDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA.
Lauren E SalminenImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA.
Miranda OlffDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Jessie L FrijlingDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Saskia B J KochDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Laura NawijnDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Mirjam van ZuidenDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
Li WangLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
Ye ZhuLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
Gen LiLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
Dan J SteinSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jonathan IpserSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sheri-Michelle KoopowitzSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Yuval NeriaDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York.
Xi ZhuDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York.
Orren RavidNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Sigal Zilcha-ManoDepartment of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Amit LazarovDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York.
Benjamin Suarez-JimenezDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Ashley A HugginsDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Kerry ResslerDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.
Tanja JovanovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.
Negar FaniDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.
Sven C MuellerDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Anna R HudsonDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Judith K DanielsDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Anika SierkResearch Division of Mind and Brain, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin.
Antje MantheyResearch Division of Mind and Brain, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin.
Henrik WalterResearch Division of Mind and Brain, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin.
Nic J A van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Steven J A van der WerffDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Robert R J M VermeirenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Ivan RektorMultimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Pavel ŘíhaMultimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Milissa L KaufmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Lauren A M LeboisDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.ORCID 0000-0001-5816-9181
Justin T BakerDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Anthony KingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Israel LiberzonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan.
Mike AngstadtDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Nicholas D DavenportMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis.
Seth G DisnerMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis.
Scott R SponheimMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis.ORCID 0000-0002-2782-0856
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
David HofmannInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Guang Ming LuDepartment of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Rongfeng QiDepartment of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Xin WangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.
Austin KunchDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.
Hong XieDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.
Yann QuidéSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Wissam El-HageUMR1253, iBraiN, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
Shmuel LissekDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Hannah BergDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Josh CislerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin.
Marisa RossNorthwestern Neighborhood and Network Initiative, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL.
Ryan J HerringaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.
Daniel W GrupeCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.
Jack B NitschkeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.
Richard J DavidsonCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.ORCID 0000-0002-8506-4964
Christine L LarsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee.
Terri A deRoon-CassiniDivision of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Carissa W TomasDepartment of Epidemiology, Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Jacklynn M FitzgeraldDepartment of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee.
Brandee FeolaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Jennifer Urbano-BlackfordDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Bunmi O OlatunjiDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Geoffrey MayCenter for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas.
Steven M NelsonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan.
Evan M GordonDepartment of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis.
Chadi G AbdallahDepartment of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.ORCID 0000-0001-5783-6181
Ruth LaniusDepartment of Neuroscience, Western University, London.
Maria DensmoreDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London.
Jean ThébergeDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London.
Richard W J NeufeldDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London.
Lee A BaughDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion.
Raluca M SimonsCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion.
Jeffrey S SimonsSioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD.
Vincent A MagnottaDepartments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Kelene A FerchoDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion.
Jeremy ElmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
Matthew PanizzonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
Carol FranzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
Michael J LyonsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston.
William KremenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
Katie A McLaughinDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Matthew PeverillDepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle.
Kelly SambrookDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA.
Jennifer S StevensDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.ORCID 0000-0003-4674-0314
Rajendra A MoreyBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Sanne J H van RooijDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.ORCID 0000-0002-0160-7248
Funding
The VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and Aging (VETSA 4)R01AG050595 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A, FRANZ, CAROL ELAINE · 2015 to 2024
$28.0MAtlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8MWISCONSIN CENTER ON MENTAL RETARDATION: CORE SUPPORTP30HD003352 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI SVAREN, JOHN P · 1985 to 2015
$25.2MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of AgingR01AG022381 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2003 to 2019
$22.3MX LINKED NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME WITH FEATURES OF ALBINISMM01RR000039 · NCRR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 1985 to 2007
$21.3MTR&D3: Intrinsic Surface MappingP41EB015922 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI TOGA, ARTHUR W · 2012 to 2022
$14.1MTRAINING PROGRAM IN EMOTION RESEARCHT32MH018931 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Richard J Davidson · 1989 to 2026
$11.6MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MNeural Substrates of Affective Style and Emotion RegulationR01MH043454 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J, SCHAEFER, STACEY M · 1989 to 2022
$9.6MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging (VETSA MRI 4)R01AG076838 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE, Jeremy A Elman · 2022 to 2026
$8.7MGenetic and Trauma-Related Risk Factors for PTSDR01MH071537 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2005 to 2014
$8.5MTrauma and Genomics Modulate Brain Structure across Common Psychiatric DisordersR01MH111671 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MARK W LOGUE, RAJENDRA A MOREY · 2017 to 2026
$4.4MCSRD VA IK2 CX001680NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000039NIAAA NIH HHS K99 AA031333NIAAA NIH HHS R00 AA031333NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022381NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050595NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059874NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076838NIA NIH HHS R56 AG058854NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015922NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD085850NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD003352NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD071982NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES033961NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118428NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118467NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH121653NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH101380NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH043454NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105355NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106574NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110483NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111671NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113574NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119227NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH129832NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098198NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098212NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH106998NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH112956NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH125277NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018931RRD VA I01 RX000622RRD VA IK1 RX002325RRD VA IK2 RX000709RRD VA IK2 RX002922
Abstract
objectiveStudies investigating resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus have produced inconsistent findings. The authors' objective was to conduct the largest systematic comparison of alterations in functional connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using a multicohort mega-analysis with uniform processing steps and parameters across all cohorts.
methodsResting-state functional MRI data from 1,017 PTSD patients and 1,702 control participants from 32 international sites were centrally preprocessed with HALFpipe and analyzed using the Image-Based Meta- and Mega-Analysis (IBMMA) package for neuroimaging processing. Group-level seed-based whole-brain analyses were completed for the right and left amygdala and hippocampus. Additional correlation analyses were conducted between PTSD norm-severity scores and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC).
resultsCompared to control participants, individuals with PTSD showed stronger rs-FC between the left amygdala seed and right hippocampus and amygdala and the left and right lingual gyri. Greater PTSD total norm-severity scores were significantly associated with rs-FC between the left amygdala and right hippocampus/amygdala and rs-FC between the right amygdala and left hippocampus/amygdala.
conclusionsGreater connectivity between subcortical threat centers involved in fear processing, memory, and extinction learning characterizes the resting state in PTSD. Future directions include investigating how different interventions, such as brain stimulation, neurofeedback, and psychotherapy, might modulate the aberrant neural networks in PTSD.
Indexed as
AmygdalaHippocampusStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultCase-Control StudiesConnectomeFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeural PathwaysNeuroimagingPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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